{"id":156776,"date":"2023-11-26T12:00:16","date_gmt":"2023-11-26T12:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/?p=156776"},"modified":"2023-12-18T11:51:10","modified_gmt":"2023-12-18T11:51:10","slug":"profit-margin-calculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/funding\/investors\/profit-margin-calculation\/","title":{"rendered":"Profit margin: how to calculate it and what makes a good one?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\"><p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400\">For startups, revenue and profit are the <a href=\"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/project-management-software\/what-is-a-kpi\/\">key performance indicators (KPIs)<\/a> that indicate success.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">In recent years, we have seen investors pump billions into Silicon Valley or technology companies, based on projections and estimates.&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">They catch the headlines and illustrate investors attempts to find the next company like Apple, but many fail without coming close to making profits and investors lose money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">During periods of economic uncertainty, investors like &lsquo;real&rsquo; numbers. Actual sales, set against costs to deliver &ndash; hopefully &ndash; profits. Within this context, the profit margin is a vital number.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What is a profit margin?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Profit margins show the relative profitability of a company by illustrating the costs involved in producing and selling goods and services and the proportion of revenue that ends in profit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before we explain what a profit margin is, let&rsquo;s clarify the different ways profit is expressed in financial statements, as startups will see these terms used for <a href=\"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/accounting\/best-accounting-software-small-businesses\/\">financial reporting purposes.&nbsp;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>Gross Profit<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Gross profit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a measure of profitability after deducting only the cost of making a sale from revenue. This does not include other non-trading costs required to calculate other profit measurements. It is a simple calculation and does not always reveal a full picture of the success or otherwise of a business.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n <\/p><div class=\"highlight-box\">\n <div class=\"highlight-box-decor\">\n <svg class=\"brush-stroke-svg brush-stroke-big\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 116 6\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\">\n <g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"#ea0037\">\n <path d=\"M94.0845406,5.55784045 C93.4629887,5.58758734 92.7723755,5.58758734 92.2198849,5.64708111 C92.0127009,5.66195455 91.7824965,5.67682799 91.5062512,5.66195455 C89.5955547,5.58758734 87.6618377,5.5727139 85.7511411,5.67682799 C85.5669776,5.69170144 85.2446914,5.67682799 84.9914666,5.67682799 C82.8275451,5.66195455 80.6866442,5.63220767 78.4997023,5.67682799 C76.0825561,5.72144832 73.5963485,5.64708111 71.271284,5.73632176 C69.3605874,5.81068898 67.5649931,5.76606865 65.7003374,5.76606865 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86.2696559,4.0213508 Z\"><\/path>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"highlight-box-headline\">\n \n <span class=\"highlight-box-title\">\n Gross profit calculation <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"highlight-box-content\">\n <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If a company generates &pound;100,000 of sales and the<a href=\"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/setting-up\/cost-of-goods-sold\/\"> cost of the goods it sells<\/a> is &pound;55,000, the gross profit is &pound;100,000 less &pound;55,000 = &pound;45,000.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>To calculate the gross profit margin, divide gross profit by revenue:<\/strong> &pound;45,000\/&pound;100,000 = 0.45.<br>\n<strong>Then, multiply gross profit by 100 to get the gross profit margin<\/strong>: 0.42 x 100 = 42%<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n[vc_column_text]\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>Operating profit<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Operating profit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is a measurement based on the profit after deducting all operating costs. It is also known as earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT).&nbsp; So, in addition to deducting the cost of sales, it also excludes some non-operating expenses including interest and taxes.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>Net profit<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Net profit<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is the most commonly used and probably the most important measure of profit. Otherwise known as <a href=\"https:\/\/startups.co.uk\/funding\/investors\/what-is-ebitda\/\">EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortisation)<\/a>, the measure strips out all regulatory costs and expenses related to running a business as a going concern.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The profit left after stripping out all these costs shows a true measure of a business&rsquo;s profitability, revealing how much of a company&rsquo;s net income is generated from revenue. 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C86.1792662,4.06014784 86.2696559,4.04074932 86.2696559,4.0213508 Z\"><\/path>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"highlight-box-headline\">\n \n <span class=\"highlight-box-title\">\n How do you calculate a net profit margin? <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"highlight-box-content\">\n <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">To calculate net profit margin requires a few more steps because, as explained above, you must deduct operating costs as well as the cost of goods sold. So:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Revenue, &pound;100,000 &ndash; cost of goods &pound;55,000 &ndash; operating costs, in this case &pound;11,000 = &pound;34,000 net profit.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>You then divide net profit by revenue: &pound;34,000\/&pound;100,000 = 0.34.<\/p>\n<p><strong>You then multiply net profit 0.34 x 100 = 34% is your net profit margin.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n[vc_column_text]\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h3>Profit margin<\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Profit margin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> itself measures the level at which a company makes money or is profitable. It is usually expressed as a percentage figure as in the example above. 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M93.4369469,5.03977318 C93.5273365,5.03977318 93.7081157,5.02037466 93.7081157,5.02037466 C93.7382456,5.00097614 93.5574663,4.98157762 93.3766871,4.98157762 C93.2862975,4.98157762 93.1055183,5.00097614 93.1055183,5.00097614 C93.0452585,5.03977318 93.2260378,5.03977318 93.4369469,5.03977318 Z M64.6758363,6 C64.7963558,6 64.977135,6 65.0072649,6 C65.1579143,5.98060148 64.977135,5.96120296 64.7963558,5.96120296 C64.7059662,5.96120296 64.5854467,5.96120296 64.4950571,5.98060148 C64.5553169,5.98060148 64.6155766,5.98060148 64.6758363,6 Z M90.6789362,4.03643854 C90.5885466,4.03643854 90.4680271,4.01704002 90.3776375,4.01704002 C90.1365986,4.01704002 90.0160791,4.03643854 90.1667284,4.05583706 C90.2269882,4.05583706 90.4077674,4.07523558 90.498157,4.05583706 C90.5885466,4.07523558 90.6186765,4.05583706 90.6789362,4.03643854 Z M86.2696559,4.0213508 C86.0888766,4.0213508 85.9080974,4.0213508 85.7273182,4.0213508 C85.546539,4.0213508 85.4260195,4.04074932 85.4862792,4.04074932 C85.6369286,4.04074932 85.8478377,4.06014784 86.0286169,4.06014784 C86.1792662,4.06014784 86.2696559,4.04074932 86.2696559,4.0213508 Z\"><\/path>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"highlight-box-headline\">\n \n <span class=\"highlight-box-title\">\n Profit margin defintion <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"highlight-box-content\">\n <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The profit margin represents the portion of a company&rsquo;s sales revenue that it retains as profit, after deducing all costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>So, if a company reports a <strong>20% profit margin for a reporting period, it means it keeps 20p for each &pound;1 of sales.<\/strong><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n[vc_column_text]\n<h2>What does net profit margin reveal about a business?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Revenue is an important figure but what is even more important is to know the proportion of each &pound; earned that is profit. If the cost of sales is higher than total revenue, the business is losing money.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you sell a range of products, it can be beneficial to calculate net profit and net profit margin for each sales line. This reveals what product lines are the most profitable and which ones require further attention.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Investors will pay close attention to profit margins before deciding to invest in your business. For them, a low profit margin can indicate that company sales are falling, poor decisions have been made or the business needs to reduce its costs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>What represents a healthy profit margin?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is a key question and one that is important to understand. Profit margins vary considerably depending on the type of business, what sector it operates in and other factors including how much a company has spent on investment, company acquisitions and expansion.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>In general, the higher the profit margin %, the better.<\/strong> If its too low, for instance below 10%, your business becomes vulnerable to changes within your market or reduced sales that could result in company losses.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, what is considered a good profit margin varies by industry. When comparing profit margins, avoid comparisons with businesses from different sectors. It&rsquo;s important to compare like-for-like.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>The profit margin doesn&rsquo;t tell the whole story<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quite often fast-growing companies, successful by many metrics, have some financial or key performance indicators (KPI&rsquo;s) that can be seen as negative.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, for startups, what represents a healthy profit margin depends on the sector they operate in and how much they are investing in future growth and business infrastructure that will enable them to earn more revenue, with lower operating costs to grow profit margin ratios over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Early-stage businesses and startups often need to invest initially to grow and reach a stage where they can take on bigger projects, employ specialist staff or open up new revenue streams. This takes capital, which, if not invested, would give the business higher profit margins earlier, but might not contribute as successfully to long-term growth and profits.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Investors, accountants and other key stakeholders in your business should understand this and be able to extrapolate the key information that shows the reality behind the numbers and whether the figures are healthy or not.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This is why investors and business owners need to be cautious in comparing profit figures and profit margins for different types and sizes of businesses operating in different sectors and at varying stages of development and growth.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text]\n <\/p><div class=\"highlight-box\">\n <div class=\"highlight-box-decor\">\n <svg class=\"brush-stroke-svg brush-stroke-big\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\" viewbox=\"0 0 116 6\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" 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64.6155766,5.98060148 64.6758363,6 Z M90.6789362,4.03643854 C90.5885466,4.03643854 90.4680271,4.01704002 90.3776375,4.01704002 C90.1365986,4.01704002 90.0160791,4.03643854 90.1667284,4.05583706 C90.2269882,4.05583706 90.4077674,4.07523558 90.498157,4.05583706 C90.5885466,4.07523558 90.6186765,4.05583706 90.6789362,4.03643854 Z M86.2696559,4.0213508 C86.0888766,4.0213508 85.9080974,4.0213508 85.7273182,4.0213508 C85.546539,4.0213508 85.4260195,4.04074932 85.4862792,4.04074932 C85.6369286,4.04074932 85.8478377,4.06014784 86.0286169,4.06014784 C86.1792662,4.06014784 86.2696559,4.04074932 86.2696559,4.0213508 Z\"><\/path>\n <\/g>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"highlight-box-headline\">\n \n <span class=\"highlight-box-title\">\n Case studies: Auto Trader, Rightmove and Cazoo <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"highlight-box-content\">\n <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Two very successful UK companies, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.autotrader.co.uk\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Auto Trader<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.rightmove.co.uk\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rightmove<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> had very high profit margins in 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Auto Trader has successfully transitioned from a print classifieds business to an online model. Its accounts for the six months to September 2023 showed an EBITDA profit margin of 71%, the same as for the corresponding period last year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">That is an extremely high profit margin. There are lost of reasons why Auto Trader is a successful business but the main reason for such a high profit margin is because as an online business it has low fixed costs, for premises and equipment.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Auto Trader makes its money from the car retailers who advertise on its online portal. They pay for dealer showrooms, they buy the cars, refurbish them and pay Auto Trader ever increasing costs to advertise on its portal. They pay because Auto Trader gives them good results and commands 75% of all car buyers online viewing time in the UK.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rightmove operates a similar model. Its 2023 accounts revealed a profit margin of 73%. It has low fixed costs for similar reasons, running an online portal that estate agents feel compelled to pay ever increasing sums to each month to advertise their property listings on.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">When consumers want to buy a house, they usually start their search on Rightmove, so for estate agents to get eyeballs on their listed properties, they need to be on Rightmove. In 2022, the company earned revenue of &pound;332.6 million, less administrative costs of &pound;91.3 million, resulting in operating profit of &pound;241.3 million, at a margin of 73%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It&rsquo;s no wonder these two companies have a high share price and represent British success stories.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>Online does not always work<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">But this does not mean all companies with a predominantly online business model will succeed.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">It does show two companies who entered a growing online market at the right time to become dominant incumbents, using a business model proven to be popular with consumers. It also means their customers (car dealers and estate agents) can&rsquo;t currently be as successful without them.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another example, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cazoo.co.uk\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cazoo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, founded in 2020, tried to compete with established car dealers using a purely online model, but has largely failed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">You would think Cazoo, like Auto Trader and Rightmove, an online business with lower fixed costs would have healthy margins. But as it is not yet profitable, we can&rsquo;t compare profit margins, but we can analyse profit ratios per units sold.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">The company aimed to tap into the growth of online sales during the pandemic. Founder Alex Chesterman, who had a successful track record in setting up other online businesses such as LoveFilm and Zoopla, attracted hundreds of millions of pounds of investment from investors who bought into his vision.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, the auto sector has proved a tough nut to crack.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cazoo acquired over a dozen businesses in the UK, France, Germany, Italy and Spain, spending hundreds of millions to establish businesses in Europe&rsquo;s five biggest markets but quickly backtracked when investors confidence ran out in 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cazoo sold its continental European businesses to focus on the UK, and in June 2022 announced a &lsquo;realignment plan&rsquo; to save &pound;200 million by the end of 2023 in a bid to reach break-even and improve its profit margins.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cazoo&rsquo;s gross profit per unit (GPU) history is revealing. In 2021, according to its financial statements, it made a profit of &pound;427 per car sold. This declined in 2022 overall to &pound;403 but as its cost-cutting measures took effect by Q4 2022, GPU increased to &pound;600 per vehicle sold. This reached &pound;1,290 per vehicle sold in Q2 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">This contrasts with a &lsquo;bricks and mortar&rsquo; car supermarket, Group 1 Automotive UK, with higher fixed costs. At the time Cazoo had a GPU of &pound;403, Group 1&rsquo;s GPU for new car sales for the first nine months of 2022, according to its financial statements, was &pound;3,149 and for used cars fell to just under &pound;1,4<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n[vc_column_text]\n<h2>In summary<\/h2>\n<p>These case studies&nbsp; illustrate three important points about profit margins and how businesses and investors employ them:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Not all businesses will be successful<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Different industries face separate challenges that can impact what represents successful financial results and profit margins<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Investors need to analyse businesses in-depth to get the full picture of what makes a business likely to succeed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>When it comes to the profitability of a company, that&rsquo;s the bottom line.[\/vc_column_text]<\/p><div class=\"cta-content\" data-eventcategory=\"cta-banner\" data-component=\"cta-image\">\n\n <div class=\"cta-content-image\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.startups.co.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Benjamin-Salisbury.jpg?width=100&height=100&fit=crop\" srcset=\"\" alt=\"\" width=\"100\" height=\"100\" data-caption=\"\" class=\"flexi-comp-img\" loading=\"lazy\" sizes=\"\"> <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"cta-content-part\">\n\n <span class=\"cta-content-heading\">\n Benjamin Salisbury - business journalist <\/span>\n \n <p>Benjamin Salisbury is an experienced writer, editor and journalist who has worked for national newspapers, leading consumer websites like This Is Money and MoneySavingExpert.com, business analysts including Environment Analyst, AIM Group and written articles for professional bodies and financial companies. He covers news, personal finance, business, startups and property.<\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n\n \n<\/div>\n[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]For startups, revenue and profit are the key performance indicators (KPIs) that indicate success. In recent years, we have seen investors pump billions into Silicon Valley or technology companies, based on projections and estimates.&nbsp;They catch the headlines and illustrate investors attempts to find the next company like Apple, but many fail without coming close to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91469,"featured_media":74973,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3051],"tags":[4369],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<title>Profit Margins: How To Calculate In 2024? 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